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Heroin is "Good for Your Health": Occupation Forces support Afghan Narcotics Trade (May 10, 2007)
"The occupation forces in Afghanistan are supporting the drug trade, which brings between 120 and 194 billion dollars of revenues to organized crime, intelligence agencies and Western financial institutions."

U.S., allies seen as losing drug war (May 7, 2007)
"The United States and its Latin American allies are losing a major battle in the war on drugs, according to indicators that show cocaine prices dipped for most of 2006 and U.S. users were getting more bang for their buck."

101-year-old Zambian man nabbed over cannabis cultivation, trafficking (May 3, 2007)
"DEC spokesperson Rosten Chulu confirmed the arrest of Timothy Chilekwa, a peasant farmer of Namembo village in Southern province who was born in 1906. Chulu said the old man was nabbed for alleged unlawful cultivation of cannabis weighing 1.2 tons. He was also found trafficking two sacks of cannabis weighing 6. 95 kg, Chulu said. The spokesperson said the 101-year-old would appear in court soon."

Was Timothy Leary Right? (May 3, 2007)
"Are psychedelics good for you? It's such a hippie relic of a question that it's almost embarrassing to ask. But a quiet psychedelic renaissance is beginning at the highest levels of American science, including the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and Harvard, which is conducting what is thought to be its first research into therapeutic uses of psychedelics (in this case, Ecstasy) since the university fired Timothy Leary in 1963. But should we be prying open the doors of perception again? Wasn't the whole thing a disaster the first time? The answer to both questions is yes."

The Farce of the War on Drugs (May 1, 2007)
"My brother Howard Wooldridge served as a decorated police officer and detective in Lansing, Michigan for 18 years. During that time, he collared killers, drunk drivers, child molesters, rapists, wife beaters and drug dealers. What he learned launched him on a crusade to stop the federal government’s useless 35 year 'War on Drugs.'"

Coca Growers Shake the Andes Once Again (April 27, 2007)
"During the last few days, coca growers, especially in Peru and Colombia, have been in the news again, as their actions have given the media something to talk about."

LSD as Therapy? Write about It, Get Barred from US (April 27, 2007)
"BC psychotherapist denied entry after border guard googled his work."

No Jail for Willie Nelson on Drug Charge (April 25, 2007)
While the editor of DrugWar.com applauds this decision by the judge, I can't help but wonder how hard the judge would have thrown the book at me for the exact same offense.

The War on Salvia Divinorum Heats Up (April 14, 2007)
"Middlebury, Vermont, this week declared a public health emergency to prevent a local business from selling it. It's already illegal in five states -- Louisiana, Missouri, Tennessee, Oklahoma and Delaware -- and a number of towns and cities across the country, and now politicians in at least seven other states have filed bills to make it illegal there. For the DEA, it is a 'drug of concern.'"

Book Offer: Lies, Damn Lies, and Drug War Statistics (April 14, 2007)
"Normally when we publish a book review in our Drug War Chronicle newsletter, it gets readers but is not among the top stories visited on the site. Recently we saw a big exception to that rule when more than 2,700 of you read our review of the new book Lies, Damned Lies, and Drug War Statistics: A Critical Analysis of Claims Made by the Office of National Drug Control Policy."

Plant growers served search warrant (April 11, 2007)
"Three WSU students were surprised when a plant they were growing in their closet was mistaken for marijuana."

California in bid to impose 7.25% sales tax on cannabis (April 10, 2007)
"For decades, smoking marijuana has been an illicit affair, a key anti-establishment ritual for America's counter-culture underground. But the legalisation of the drug for medicinal purposes in California has presented its advocates with a dilemma: to remain firmly on the wrong side of the law or accept a demand to pay taxes on its sale."

The Other War: Democratic Candidates are Deafeningly Silent on the Drug War (April 9, 2007)
"There is a major disconnect in the 2008 Democratic race for the White House. While all the top candidates are vying for the black and Latino vote, they are completely ignoring one of the most pressing issues affecting those constituencies: the failed War on Drugs, a war that has morphed into a war on people of color."

Ex-officer likens drug war to Prohibition (April 8, 2007)
"Retired police officer Peter Christ on Tuesday compared the contemporary war on drugs to National Prohibition of the 1920s."

Minnesota drug laws: Are they too harsh? (April 8, 2007)
Momentum gathers for review of sentencing rules

Drug Czar Blasted for Lack of Leadership (April 8, 2007)
"During the course of research for this series, it became apparent that many prominent players in the war on drugs don't have many compliments for the current drug czar, John Walters."

Is the Drug War Nearing an End? (April 8, 2007)
"Little by little by little there is some hope that the "war" on drugs is becoming a political issue - the first step in undoing a set of policies that make little sense no matter how you look at them."

Law Enforcement Group Visits Maine To Advocate For Legalization Of Drugs (April 8, 2007)
"LEAP, or Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, says it has 5,000 members, made up mostly of retired and active law enforcement professionals. The group tours the country speaking to various civic groups about what they call a $60 billion failed war on drugs."

Afghans pin hopes on a new economy (April 8, 2007)
"As a competitive economy awakens in one of the world's poorest countries, the residents of Kabul are jockeying to get ahead in a city flush with cash from US soldiers, foreign aid workers, new investors, parliamentarians, and drug traffickers."

Salvadoran Murders in Guatemala (April 8, 2007)
"If the trip to Guatemala was a fiasco, Colombia was no better, Bush's arrival in Bogotá couldn't have happened at a worse time as every moment ticked off another scandal, some of them leading in the direction ofo President Uribe's office, and nothing that Bush or Uribe president could say concealed the fact that the Colombia phase of the U.S. anti-drug war was more dead than alive, which was even more certain when it came to extraditing Colombian suspected felons to the U.S."

Analysis: U.S. anti-drug war in Afghanistan (April 8, 2007)
"In a bluntly worded letter to Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, the lawmakers said inter-agency rivalry and U.S. policy failures in Afghanistan risked allowing it to slide back into chaos."

Law Enforcement: This Week's Corrupt Cops Stories (April 7, 2007)
"A Georgia fire captain gets caught peddling coke, a pair of New Haven narcs lose their jobs, a former Mississippi police chief cops a plea, and a former Ohio cop goes back to prison. Let's get to it...."

Methamphetamine: Feds Make First Cold Medicine Bust Under Combat Meth Act (April 7, 2007)
"An Ontario, New York, man last Friday won the dubious distinction of being the first person arrested under the 2005 Combat Meth Epidemic Act. According to a DEA press release, William Fousse was arrested for purchasing cold tablets containing more than nine grams of pseudoephedrine within a one month period."

Harm Reduction: New Mexico Governor Signs Overdose Death Reduction Measure (April 7, 2007)
"New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson (D) Wednesday signed innovative legislation that would protect friends or family members who seek medical attention for drug overdose victims. The law is the first of its kind in the country."

Pot-Growing Takes Root in the Suburbs (April 1, 2007)
"In Coldwater Creek, a middle-class housing development outside Atlanta, the neighbors mind their own business and respect each other's privacy - ideal conditions, it turns out, for growing marijuana in the suburbs."

Bob Barr Flip-Flops on Pot (March 28, 2007)
"Bob Barr, who as a Georgia congressman authored a successful amendment that blocked D.C. from implementing a medical marijuana initiative, has switched sides and become a lobbyist for the Marijuana Policy Project."

What the heck is Sibel Edmonds' Case about? And why should I care? (March 28, 2007)
"Essentially, there is only one investigation – a very big one, an all-inclusive one... But I can tell you there are a lot of people involved, a lot of ranking officials, and a lot of illegal activities that include multi-billion-dollar drug-smuggling operations, black-market nuclear sales to terrorists and unsavory regimes, you name it... You can start from the AIPAC angle. You can start from the Plame case. You can start from my case. They all end up going to the same place, and they revolve around the same nucleus of people."

Mexican Envoy Highly Critical of U.S. Role in Anti-Drug Effort (March 23, 2007)
"The United States has contributed 'zilch' to Mexico's efforts to combat the nations' joint problem with criminal narcotics gangs, Mexico's new ambassador to Washington said yesterday."

Colorado Has Song in Its Heart, and Not Drugs on Its Mind (March 14, 2007- Free NYTimes registration required)
"The Colorado General Assembly wants to be quite clear on this point: When the singer-songwriter John Denver praised the joys of Colorado and sang about 'friends around the campfire, and everybody’s high,' in 1972, he was not referring to illicit drugs. Definitely not. Don’t even think it. The high in question, lawmakers say, is really about nature and the great outdoors — the tingly feeling you get after a nice hike, perhaps."

U.S. faults friends, foes in drug war (March 5, 2007)
"The United States said top anti-terror allies Afghanistan, Pakistan and Colombia had fallen short in the war on drugs despite enhanced counter-narcotics efforts and it criticized perennial foes Iran, North Korea and Venezuela for not cooperating."

Cuba’s War on Drugs (March 5, 2007)
"A review of the main results of the Cuban efforts against illegal drug trafficking as well as prevention during 2006, shows a marked reduction in the presence of drugs on the island, with 1.7 tons of narcotics seized, the lowest figure of the past 11 years and almost four times less than the amount detected in 2003."

Drug War Corrupting Cops In Hawaii and Elsewhere (March 5, 2007)
"Claiming to be the 'world’s leading drug policy newsletter,' the Drug War Chronicle publishes a regular online feature called, 'This Week’s Corrupt Cops Stories.' The typical Hawaii newspaper reader probably comes across these cops-gone-bad stories pretty rarely. But, when hundreds of reports compiled over the past year from around the nation are read at one sitting, they add up to a hidden cost of America’s ill-fated drug war -- widespread corruption inside local police departments, prisons and jails."

Drug war rips apart Mexico (March 5, 2007)
"More than 250 people were executed last year in Acapulco as the sweltering Pacific resort became the latest battleground between rival cartels battling for supremacy of the multibillion-dollar drug trade."

In Guatemala, officers' killings echo dirty war (March 5, 2007)
"The two sets of brazen killings set off a vicious diplomatic conflict between Guatemala and El Salvador — heightened by news reports suggesting that the congressmen were indeed drug dealers — and ignited a political scandal here. It shed light on how corrupt the National Police has become, and raised questions about links between drug dealers and high-level police officials, as well as whether the government can contain drug trafficking without international help."

Collision Course: Bolivia's "Coca, Si; Cocaine, No" Policy Runs Afoul of the International Drug Control Board and, Probably, the United States (March 1, 2007)
"A confrontation is brewing over Bolivian President Evo Morales' effort to rationalize coca production in his country and expand markets for coca-based products....Now, the Morales government is also pushing for expanded legal markets for coca products and, in a joint venture with the Venezuelan government, is preparing to begin coca product exports to that country."

Ga. Reconsiders No - Knock Warrant Rules (March 1, 2007)
"A group of lawmakers wants to make it harder for police to use ''no-knock'' warrants in the wake of a shootout that left an elderly woman dead after plainclothes officers stormed her home unannounced in a search for drugs."

Here we go again (Feb. 22, 2007)
"We're happy we could help with that, Mr. Vice President, but Colombian cocaine is still readily available in U.S. cities, so we have a difficult time thinking we got a good deal for our $4 billion. In fact, we don't believe Americans are getting their money's worth for any of the cash the government has thrown into the bottomless pit of the drug war. Court dockets are packed and prisons are overcrowded, yet illicit drugs are still readily available to anyone who wants them."

Latin America: Mexico Moves to Decriminalize Drug Possession -- So It Can Concentrate on Drug Traffickers (Feb. 22, 2007)
"Legislators from Mexican President Felipe's Calderon's National Action Party (PAN -- Partido de Accion Nacional) have introduced a bill in the Mexican Senate that would decriminalize the possession of small amounts of drugs for 'addicts.'"

DPS officials were told of lax lab security (Feb. 22, 2007)
"Texas Department of Public Safety officials were aware of security breaches in the handling of their drug evidence as recently as 2006 and as far back as at least 2003 — problems such as failure to log evidence out of storage, containers of marijuana left open and the lack of a monitoring system for a high-security drug vault — according to the agency's internal audits."

'Safest city' now has drug war (Feb. 22, 2007)
"From the shopping malls and the fashionable clothes of its residents, this could be any affluent U.S. suburb. Residents pride themselves on their prosperity. But in recent weeks, drug-related violence has shattered the tranquillity."

Mexican president gives soldiers pay hike as drug war intensifies (Feb. 22, 2007)
"Soldiers waging a nationwide offensive against drug traffickers will get a pay hike of nearly 50 percent this year in a bid to insulate them from corruption, Mexican President Felipe Calderon announced Monday."

New Federal Study Shows Methamphetamine Use Decreased Between 2002 and 2005 (Jan. 31, 2007)
"A new analysis of data from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) shows that past-year use of methamphetamine, a highly addictive stimulant, declined between 2002 and 2005 among persons age 12 or older....The study also shows that the number of persons who used methamphetamine for the first time in the 12 months before the survey remained stable between 2002 and 2004 but decreased between 2004 and 2005."

Tell Governor Spitzer to Support Rockefeller Drug Law Reform (Jan. 31, 2007)
"The Rockefeller Drug Laws require extremely harsh prison terms for the possession or sale of relatively small amounts of drugs. Most of the people incarcerated under these laws are convicted of low-level, nonviolent offenses, and many of them have no prior criminal records. Today 14,139 people are locked up for drug offenses in NY State prisons, comprising nearly 38% of the prison population. This costs New Yorkers over half a billion dollars a year. Send a message to Governor Spitzer now, urging him to support real reform."

Mexico eyes Colombian experience in drug battle (Jan. 27, 2007)
"Mexico's top prosecutor on Thursday looked to Colombia's experience in counter-narcotics and conflict for lessons to help his government battle drug cartels whose violence has engulfed parts of the country."

Rio gang kills seven as drug war spreads (Jan. 27, 2007)
"The mutilated bodies of seven youths, some with their heads and legs chopped off, have been found in an abandoned car in a notorious Rio de Janeiro slum. They appeared to be the latest victims of a long-running drug war that has made Rio, which depends heavily on tourism, one of the most violent cities in the world."

Drug Policy Reform Group to Partner with State of New Mexico in Federally-Funded Meth Prevention Education Program (Jan. 27, 2007)
"In a first for drug reform organizations, the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) New Mexico office has been designated to create a statewide methamphetamine education and prevention program directed at high school students, thanks to a $500,000 grant obtained by US Sen. Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) as part of a Justice Department appropriations bill. The grant is the result of years of close collaboration between DPA and New Mexico state and local officials dating back to the administration of former Gov. Gary Johnson (R), a prominent voice for drug law reform."

Spot in brain may control smoking urge (Jan. 27, 2007)
"Damage to a silver dollar-sized spot deep in the brain seems to wipe out the urge to smoke, a surprising discovery that may shed important new light on addiction. The research was inspired by a stroke survivor who claimed he simply forgot his two-pack-a-day addiction - no cravings, no nicotine patches, not even a conscious desire to quit."

Case highlights medical-pot dilemma (Jan. 23, 2007)
"'If they didn't arrest me with 1,500, it's not likely they're going to come back and arrest me for 50,' said Sarich, whose advocacy group, CannaCare, says it has provided marijuana plants for 1,200 patients all over the state. Some of his new plants, delivered by patients in Longview, Federal Way and Vancouver, Wash., are descendants of the plants he lost."

Alleged cartel members extradited to Texas (Jan. 23, 2007)
"A suspected Mexican drug lord whose cartel allegedly smuggled more than 4 tons of cocaine a month over the U.S. border will stand trial in Texas. Osiel Cardenas-Guillen, the alleged kingpin of the Gulf Cartel, and three other alleged drug lords appeared in a Houston court Monday. Mexican authorities delivered Cardenas-Guillen and 14 other alleged Mexican drug dealers and criminals to Houston late Friday and early Saturday, the Drug Enforcement Administration said."

Burdened U.S. military cuts role in drug war (Jan. 22, 2007)
"Stretched thin from fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. military has sharply reduced its role in the war on drugs, leaving significant gaps in the nation's narcotics interdiction efforts."

S.F. area is No. 1 for regular drug use, study says (Jan. 21, 2007)
"The San Francisco metropolitan area has a higher percentage of people who are regular drug users than any other major metropolitan area in the USA, a study from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found."

Executive Order 13420 -- Dismantling the DEA (Jan. 21, 2007)
"This is the order I will sign after delivering my inaugural address," says Steve Kubby, who is again running for office this time seeking the nomination from the Libertarian Party as their Presidential candidate.

Cocaine found on 99.9% of UK banknotes (Jan. 21, 2007)
"Pretty well every banknote in the UK shows traces of cocaine, forensic scientists have claimed. According to a report in the Sunday Telegraph, 99.9 per cent of the two billion notes currently in circulation have come into contact with Bolivian marching powder."

A Legacy of Torture: From Cointelpro to the Patriot Act (Jan. 21, 2007)
"In today's world, the US government's use of torture and complicity in its clients' use of it is part of the headlines on a regular basis. Yet very few US citizens believe that methods like waterboarding, beating, and electrical shocks could be -- and have been -- used on US citizens." But the fact that torture is used profusely in US jails and prisons is unsurprising to those who've been inside the US "justice" system.

Reefer Madness (Jan. 21, 2007)
"I was never an activist until I got busted [noted Tommy Chong]. But it ’s not so much my efforts as the substance itself. Pot lives and dies on its own reputation....Years ago, people would do booze jokes. Then they start dying of cirrhosis of the liver and all these alcohol-related car accidents. Alcohol started out as a fun thing and ended up as this evil thing that kills people. Pot is the opposite...."

In the Costly War on Drugs, Who's To Say What Is Right? (Jan. 21, 2007)
"It seems like you lack a certain enthusiasm for the war on drugs, I said. I do lack enthusiasm for the war on drugs, he said. I asked about legalization. He shrugged. 'Monday, Wednesday and Friday I think they should be legalized. Tuesdays and Thursdays I think they should be illegal. I don't like drugs. I strongly disapprove of them. The costs are great. But it's expensive to incarcerate somebody. The costs are enormous either way. I don't know what's right.'"

Democracy and Plan Colombia (Jan. 21, 2007)
Just what effects are the massive spraying in anti-cocaine and poppy efforts that are one of the main tenents of Plan Colombia, not to mention all the arms and training given to the Colombian military and governments to combat Colombian peasents...errr, I mean, dastardly narco-terrorists? No major advancement of democracy it appears.

Drug mafia, CIA blamed for sacking of Afghan governor (Jan. 21, 2007)
"As The Washington Post has plainly summarized, 'corruption and alliances formed by Washington and the Afghan government with anti-Taliban tribal chieftains, some of whom are believed to be deeply involved in the trade, [have] undercut the [counter-narcotics] effort.'"

PAST NEWS ARCHIVE

Drug War: Covert Money, Power & Policy: SETCO

Immediately on taking office, Reagan began the "deregulation" of the savings and loan industry, allowing S&L's to offer any interest rate they wanted and do anything with the money. Reagan's administration regularly approved unqualified hoods for federally-insured bank ownership. Hood banks often looted their entire cash reserves, lending them to their own front companies, washing the money out the front companies through various transfer tactics, and then declaring the front companies bankrupt, which in turn forced the bank's collapse. The money was gone into hood hands, and the FDIC/FSLIC was liable to reimburse depositors, to the tune of hundreds of billions of taxpayer money - some estimates go as high as one trillion dollars - that's one-seventh the entire annual GNP.

These cooperating hoods and businessmen, Marcello, Beebe, Renda, Mischer, Lyon, Khashoggi, Murchison, Helliwell, Hernandez-Cartaya, Charles, Rebozo, the Bushes, etc. were indistinguishable from the intelligence community and from the Republican establishment, although there are certainly plenty of Democrats on the list as well.

President Bush’s Federal Housing Administration Commissioner, Catherine Austin Fitts, Assistant Secretary of Housing under HUD Secretary Jack Kemp, got a close-up look at the modus operandi of this establishment. Unlike many of her fellow Reaganauts, Fitts, a former Managing Director and Board member of the prestigious Wall Street investment bank Dillon Read & Co, was a religiously-motivated idealist, not a money-motivated hustler. As Bush’s manager of the FHA’s gigantic $300 billion mortgage and properties portfolio, she set out to revamp the system from the botton up, whoever’s ox got gored. Secretary Kemp, fearing for his oxen, fired Commissioner Fitts.


Catherine Austin Fitts

After leaving at loggerheads with the corrupt bureaucracy she found at HUD, Catherine Austin Fitts did something really remarkable. She showed new HUD Secretary Cisneros, in 1993, how to save taxpayers billions by empowering the very people in danger of defaulting on their HUD mortgages or living in HUD-supported housing. Using a bottom-up rather than top-down model, Fitts’ new Hamilton Securities Group developed a pilot project at a HUD housing project, Edgewood Terrace. Hamilton taught the local women how to use computers to build data bases that tracked the money flowing through their own neighborhood. Since their neighborhood wasn’t particularly different than the other 63,000 neighborhoods in HUD’s database, what Edgewood Technology Services did was help HamiltonSecurities create software and money management tools applicable to the whole country.

The women of Edgewood Terrace proved that they could be as computer literate as anyone else, given the sweat-equity subsidy, and were rewarded with stock in their company and a decent income doing highly productive work. The real value of Edgewood Terrace property, of course, rose as its pain level dropped. Edgewood Terrace could no longer be bought for pennies on the dollar for condo conversion. Fitts’ practical tools for dealing with “How the $ Works and How to Reengineer How the $ Works” can be found at her site, www.solari.com. I particularly recommend Fitts' essays and articles, up at her site. Catherine's new essay on the huge Harvard octopus, which includes the CIA's DynCorp, up at newsmakingnews.com, is particularly brilliant.

With her ‘geo-coded’ data base she was able to demonstrate that defaulted HUD mortgages were concentrated in areas of structural poverty, and that those were precisely the “drug areas” the Prohibitionists were most up in arms about. “Freeway” Ricky Ross’ Harbor Freeway, running right through the center of South Central L.A., was a concentrated mass of defaulted HUD/FHA single family loans. Fitts’ map of defaults looks quite like a pollution-induced disease cluster centered around the Harbor Freeway. Catherine tells the story of the price she paid for this kind of thinking best. It is one of the most revealing true stories of America's contemporary political tragedy: The Solari Story.

Failure to address neighborhood structural poverty results in a pain-filled neighborhood dependent on the default painkiller economy. The resultant anarchic poverty and violence collapses neighborhood property values. Why pay off an apparently worthless mortgage when it makes more sense to move? Prime urban real estate can then be bought for pennies on the dollar.

And who was buying this prime real estate? The HUD contractors -indistinguishable from the intelligence community and the Republican establishment. The same “liquidators” that had made the neighborhood ripe for a “drug epidemic” in the first place, the same military intelligence operatives dealing the drugs, were using their drug money to buy the now devalued neighborhoods for a pittance - for cheap conversion into condos, malls and industrial parks. These were the very same radical Prohibitionists demonizing those using the pain killers and then vying for the resultant prison contracts.

That is, from the perspective of the “liquidators,” there is no difference between Angelinos and Campesinos. Economic fascism, corporate colonialism, is indeed threatened by prosperous, empowered campesinos because they represent an economic model that could easily spread throughout the third world, quite like Fitts’ bottom-up American model. The little domino that finally snuffed the drug-dealing, U.S.-run maniac Anastasio Somoza Debayle, whose family virtually owned Nicaragua from 1934 to 1979, was therefore viewed as a serious threat by the Reagan/Bush administration. It could become a model for the entire region.


Anastasio Somoza Debayle of Nicaragua, Generals Jorge Videla and Roberto Viola of Argentina

Immediately on assuming office, Reagan's CIA Director William Casey, OSS veteran, mob partner and mob lawyer, Nixon's SEC chairman, went into action against the Sandinistas. He arranged with his Cocaine Coup partners, Argentine President-designate Gen. Roberto Viola, left, and Chief of Staff General Alvaro Martínez, Gen. Suárez Mason's boss, to use veteran trainers from their dirty war to remold the remnants of Somoza's National Guard. They called themselves the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, the FDN, but the Sandinistas' derisive nickname, "the Contras," was the one that stuck. This effort was begun by CIA cutouts Videla of Argentina and Stroessner of Paraguay immediately on the fall of Somoza, a year before Reagan took office in 1980, under Carter's orders.

In 1934, the elder Somoza, at the head of the U.S.-trained National Guard, secured his power by assassinating the dashing Augusto Sandino, below, a charismatic poet and mystical socialist revolutionary. Sandino had fought the U.S. Marines and the puppet Nicaraguan government to a standstill in a spectacular 7-year guerrilla war. He was assassinated under a flag of truce, while peacefully negotiating a coalition government.


Anastasio Somoza García and Augusto Sandino, just prior to Somoza’s assassination of Sandino; Nicaraguan National Archives

Gen. Smedley Butler, the legendary Marine sent to track down Sandino's Nicaraguan predecessors, was so disgusted by the cruelty and slave-labor he encountered that he concluded Sandino was right. "War is a Racket," wrote this marvelous old warrior. "Only a small 'inside' group knows what it is about. It is conducted for the benefit of the very few, at the expense of the very many. Out of war a few people make huge fortunes….How many of these war millionaires shouldered a rifle?"  His small book then goes on to excoriate, by name, the multinational corporations then running Central American politics for their own advantage. Butler was disgusted by the stealthy assassination of Sandino, a legitimately elected populist democrat. That wasn't what he was fighting for.

Like Emiliano Zapata and Joe Hill, of course, Augusto Sandino never really died. After they took power in July of 1979, the Sandinistas won an award from the World Health Organization for the radical drop in the infant mortality rate they engineered. Their budget stressed health care and education, and they instituted an effective land reform program which enabled their rural campesinos to become self-sufficient.


José de Paredes, Augusto Sandino and Augustín Farabundo Martí

The Sandinistas turned the huge absentee-owned coffee, cotton and banana plantations, export monocrop slave-labor factories, into diversified family farms or community-owned cooperatives. Women with key roles in rural health and vaccination programs were also encouraged to lead the rural literacy programs. These were often organized around church Bible study groups.

It was these programs that President Carter wisely backed with $125 million in aid. Carter's quid pro quo, which the Sandinistas were perfectly happy to live with, was that they not ship arms to the rebels in El Salvador. Of course, when the Reagan administration blocked Carter's funds and started attacking Nicaraguan campesinos with an army of Somocista murderers, the deal was off.

In 1985, Daniel Ortega, in response to questions put to him by Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa on behalf of Venezuelan President Jaime Lusinchi, repeated what had always been the Sandinista position: "We're willing to send home the Cubans, the Russians,the rest of the advisors. We're willing to stop the movement of military aid, or any other kind of aid, through Nicaragua to El Salvador, and we're willing to accept international verification. In return, we're asking for only one thing: that they don't atack us, that the United States stop arming and financing the gangs that kill our people, burn our crops and force us to divert enormous human and economic resources into war when we desperately need them for development."

But stopping Sandinista development was precisely the point. The Sandinistas weren't building from a top down, IMF-defined production-for-export model, they were building from the bottom up. It's the difference between a Nicaragua that is an agricultural giant able to grow all its own food, and a nation of serfs dependent on absentee-owned factories and plantations producing for export. It's the difference between campesino-owned family farms, and sweatshop slums peopled by ex-campesinos, who must trade their miserable wages for cupfuls of imported U.S. grain. This is not a question of capitalism vs. socialism, because independent family farms are capitalist institutions. It's a question of a "national and independent capitalism vs. feudalism," as Jacobo Arbenz put it - owners vs. sharecroppers.

Prosperous family farms, of course, generate buying power. But that buying power isn't consumerist, it's tribal - spent on local goods and services. In 1983, the Inter-American Development Bank declared that the Sandinistas' "noteworthy progress in the social sector" was "laying a solid foundation for long-term socio-economic development." The World Bank called Nicaragua's development under the Sandinistas "remarkable.... better than anywhere in the world." That, of course, was before the massive U.S. warfare and economic sanctions took their toll.

If Sandinista economic nationalism spread to neighboring countries, what would become of the absentee landlords? As Nixon's Secretary of State Henry Kissinger succinctly put it, "I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist due to the irresponsibility of its own people."

The Contra staging areas, originally set up under Carter, were in Guatemala and Honduras. Mario Sandoval Alarcón's MLN played the role of host in Guatemala. In 1978 the President of Guatemala was the unelected General Romeo Lucas García, former president Laugerud's defense minister. Lucas and Sandoval were particular favorites of Reagan's constituency.

In December of 1979 a delegation from the American Security Council, led by "retired" Generals John Singlaub and Daniel Graham - the one a very high ranking CIA agent and the other, Graham, a former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency - visited Lucas in Guatemala City. They denounced Carter for calling this mass-murderer a mass-murderer and cutting off military aid. Lucas was promised that Reagan would resume military aid as soon as he took office.

Singlaub and Graham were followed by the Young Americans for Freedom, the Heritage Foundation, the Moral Majority and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell prayed for "mercy helicopters" for Lucas. The Guatemalan leader of this publicity campaign was none other than Roberto Alejos Arzu, whose finca in Retalhuleu had been the staging area for the Bay of Pigs invasion. The CIA's very own Vernon Walters, who represented the interests of an oil company, Basic Resources, in Guatemala, also made a point of stroking Lucas.

Reagan, of course, did resume both overt and covert military aid, from Taiwan, Israel and Argentina, which was immediately put to use by Lucas in a "pacification" plan designed by U.S. military experts. In May of 1982 the Guatemalan Conference of Bishops, a very conservative group, declared that "never in our history have such extremes been reached, with the assassinations now falling into the category of genocide." These same Church officials estimated that Lucas killed as many as 150,000 Guatemalans.

Obviously, the guerrillas gained many new adherents as Lucas resorted to burning their highland forests, causing, like Saddam Hussein, massive, irreversible environmental destruction. A destruction, oddly enough, almost never mentioned in the American mass media, which prefers to fixate on celebrity sexuality, plane crashes and wacko loners.

On Feb. 11, 1982, two months after President Reagan first formally authorized covert CIA support for the Contras, Attorney General William French Smith, at DCI Casey's request, released the CIA from its legal responsibility to report narcotics law violations. Smith's letter to Casey was published as part of CIA Inspector General Frederick Hitz' 1/29/98 report to Congress on Contra-CIA drug connections. The letter was read into the Congressional Record on 5/7/98 by L.A.'s enraged Rep. Maxine Waters, despite the CIA's inisistence that the entire report was "classified." It is interesting that Smith didn't release the CIA from any of its other responsibilites under federal law - the requirement to report murder, Neutrality Act violations, espionage, arson, etc. - but only the requirement to report narcotics law violations.

A series of concomitant Executive Orders and National Security Decision Directives, many of which have been declassified, reveal that Vice-President Bush, the former DCI, had formal executive control of all Reagan administration intelligence operations, and was, in fact, DCI Casey's commanding officer. Casey's request for the narcotics reporting exemption, then, as part of the initial administration planning for Contra operations, indicates a premeditated conspiracy to do what the Reagan administration actually did - operate a massive illegal drugs-for-arms network.

May 14, 1982: "National Security Decision Directive 3, Crisis Management, establishes the Special Situation Group (SSG), chaired by the Vice President. The SSG is charged...with formulating plans in anticipation of crises.... [Relevant agencies are to] provide the name of their CPPG [Crisis Pre-Planning Group] representative to Oliver North, NSC staff....'' The memo was signed "for the President" by Reagan's national security adviser, William Clark, and declassified during the Iran-Contra hearings.

Later spin-offs of this structure, which cut "non-operational" State Department people out of the loop, included the Vice President's Task Force on Combatting Terrorism, and the Operations Sub-Group, composed of the same people - Bush, Gregg, Clarridge, North, Poindexter, Allen, Oakley, Koch, Moellering, Revell and others.

Their first crisis was not long in coming. On December 21, 1982, Congress passed the Boland amendment to the Defense Appropriations Act: "None of the funds provided in this Act may be used by the Central Intelligence Agency or the Department of Defense to furnish military equipment, military training or advice, or other support for military activities, to any group or individual ... for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Nicaragua.''

Mass murder in Guatemala, apparently, was not proscribed. The transparent Lucas was replaced as President in late 1982 by Gen. Rios Montt, a graduate of just about every counterinsurgency course offered by the U.S. military. Although Rios Montt's "Plan Victoria" was simply a repeat of Lucas' highland scorched earth policy, his line was smoother. This enabled the January 1984 Kissinger Commission to certify the great human rights improvement wrought by this more subtle lunatic, so massive overt military aid was resumed.

Working with Guatemala's Sandoval, Nicaragua's Somoza and his Salvadoran allies Cuellar and Santivañez, was Roberto D'Aubuisson, deputy chief of the CIA-created and funded Salvadoran National Security Agency, ANSESAL.  D'Aubuisson used ANSESAL to form the Armed Forces of National Liberation - War of Extermination, the FALANGE. D'Aubuisson's FALANGE spawned the White Warriors Union, the Secret Anticommunist Army and other contract death squads. Pursuant to his CIA-KMT training, D'Aubuisson gave his death squads a political base by forming the party of the Army, the Nationalist Republican Alliance, ARENA.

D'Aubuisson reacted to the October 1979 Salvadoran coup engineered by reformist junior officers by activating his death squads. First he killed the attorney general of the new pluralist government, Mario Zamora, brother of FMLN leader Rubén Zamora. Then, in March 1980, D'Aubuisson went after his next most dangerous critic, the Archbishop, who was shot through the heart while giving mass. Archbishop Romero had insisted that the neighboring Sandinistas were preoccupied with their own development and therefore were no military threat to El Salvador.

In a famous letter sent just before his death, the Archbishop begged President Carter not to aid ARENA's military. He said such aid would be used to "sharpen injustice and repression against the people's organizations" which were struggling "for respect for their most basic human rights." Nicaragua's Sandinistas, said the Archbishop, seemed to be acting more like Christians than Communists. The morality inherent in their economic model reflected the true message of Christ, and therefore was a good economic model for El Salvador. Salvadorans, added the Archbishop, were right to insist on absolute freedom of speech and regular democratic elections. "You can be a Communist," explained Roberto D'Aubuisson, "even if you personally don't believe you are a Communist."

Ten days after the murder of the Archbishop, Roberto D'Aubuisson explained to his American Republican supporters, in a meeting room of the U.S. House of Representatives, that "In order to define the State Department policy, we could use this axiom: who is a communist? Those who consciously or unconsciously collaborate with the Soviet cause. We can ascertain that present [Carter] State Department policy toward Central America has candidly favored communist infiltration." That was, word for word, the line peddled at the 1980 Buenos Aires meeting of the CIA's Confederación Anticomunista Latina, CAL, that D'Aubuisson would attend in September, in celebration of the Bolivian Cocaine Coup.

Also attending the September 1980 CIA/CAL celebration was John Carbaugh, an aide to Republican Senator Jesse Helms. Helms, a rabid red-baiting segregationist in the 1950's, was an enthusiastic supporter of the fascists. As a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, of course, Helms knew all there was to know about the death squads, but that didn't stop him from solemnly taking testimony from ARENA's distinguished killers. Between 1980 and 1992 Helms helped funnel $6 billion into the Salvadoran military.

Hobnobbing with Carbaugh at the CAL confab was Stefano delle Chiaie, Klaus Barbie's top aide. Carbaugh had extensive personal contact with D'Aubuisson, and was instrumental in packaging the ARENA publicity campaign in Washington. Also attending the 1980 CAL meeting was Margo Carlisle, legislative aide to Senator James McClure (R-ID) and staff director of the Republican Conference of the U.S. Senate. Carbaugh and Carlisle hired Mackenzie-McCheyne to handle ARENA's advertising, while Paul Weyrich taught ARENA operatives effective campaign tactics.

In 1980 ARENA killed at least 10,000 Salvadorans, including quite a few members of the new progressive junta, which collapsed under the terror. In July of 1980 D'Aubuisson was fêted in Washington by the Heritage Foundation, the Council for Inter-American Security, the American Security Council and the American Legion. ARENA became, under Reagan, the very symbol of democratic liberalism and the recipient of all the military hardware it could absorb. When the going got too tough for the freedom fighters of ARENA, of course, they could always count on American jets to drop high explosives and napalm on El Salvador's desperate campesinos. The ranks of the FMLN, the Marti Front for National Liberation, swelled, as whole villages were incinerated.

In May, 1980, at the Sumpul River crossing, more than 600 unarmed men, women and children were machine gunned to death by cooperating Salvadoran and Honduran troops on either bank as they tried to flee Salvadoran territory into Honduras. Little children, caught in the middle of the river, were cut to ribbons.

In December of 1981, at the villages surrounding El Mozote in El Salvador, more than 800 defenseless people were massacred, according to the Salvadoran Catholic Church. In 1992, Tutela Legal, the legal arm of the Salvadoran Church, hired the distinguished international experts of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team to conduct excavations at El Mozote. In the ruins of a single-room building attached to the village church, the team found 143 human skeletons, 131 of which were children under the age of 12. They had all been machine-gunned to death by standard U.S. Army issue M-16 ammunition manufactured at the Lake City Plant in Independence, Missouri. That was the ammo used by the Atlacatl Batallion, which had been formed by experts from the U.S. Army School of Special Forces in March of 1981, Barry McCaffrey's outfit.

Aside from massacre by rifle fire, the Atlacatl Batallion and its clones practiced rape, decapitation and disembowelment on a massive scale. By 1982, 600,000 Salvadorans were left homeless - and terrified enough to stop demanding any political rights at all.

The CIA-Contra military plan that so upset Archbishop Romero was run by Gen. McCaffrey and Col. Steele out of Milgroup at Ilopango in El Salvador.  It was based on the same idea as the Bay of Pigs. The idea was to seize a patch of Nicaraguan territory, 1500 square miles of uninhabited mountains in fact, and force overt U.S. military intervention in support of "Free Nicaragua." But even the CIA couldn't sell that one to the Joint Chiefs. They knew that an overt U.S. invasion of Nicaragua would be a bloody nightmare. The Pentagon's Rand Corporation estimated that the popular Sandinistas could bog down 100,000 U.S. troops almost indefinitely. That, of course, would completely enrage all our Latin friends. Colombia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela - the Contadora group - were in fact quite sympathetic to the Sandinistas, traded with them extensively, and violently opposed military intervention.


Choppers returning Contra troops to Ilopango from Nicaragua; Castillo

The Somocistas, at any rate, had so little popular support they couldn't hold a mountaintop long enough to dig a deep latrine. They could hit, and they could run. The CIA, and certainly the State Department, did what it could to patch together a centrist coalition of Nicaraguans who weren't Somocistas, but their coalition had no operational control of "their" military. 46 of the 48 top Contra leaders were CIA Somocistas, that is, former officers of Somoza's National Guard. The other two, apparently, just liked killing. An August 1985 incident is typical. When the Contras couldn't hold the town of La Trinidad for more than five hours, the time is took Sandinista troops to reach them, they beheaded quite a few townspeople by way of farewell.

The frustrated CIA then hit on the bright idea of blowing up international shipping in Nicaragua's harbors with mines, a transparently illegal act of international terrorism. In fact if Nicaragua had done that to the United States, it would have constituted legal grounds for a declaration of war. Placed in January and February of 1984, the mines, which were designed to be non-lethal, sank a few fishing boats and punched holes in a few freighters, but had no effect whatever on Nicaragua's trade. The U.S., however, found itself facing a losing case in the World Court. And the Soviet Union was provided with the pretext it needed to begin delivering Mi-25 Hind helicopter gunships, the "flying tanks" Daniel Ortega was now convinced he needed.

A humiliated Congress, facing the outrage of all our allies, led by the chairman of the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, Barry Goldwater, whose advance consent was supposedly required for such an operation, ended the entire Contra aid program. "The second Boland amendment" banned any further consideration of Contra aid until March of 1985. Contra aid continued unabated, however, since Congress couldn't find a way to end the illegal cocaine, heroin, pot or arms trade.

The Honduran airline SETCO, according to the Kerry Subcommittee, "was the principal company used by the Contras in Honduras to transport supplies and personnel for the FDN…from 1983 through 1985….SETCO received funds for Contra supply operations from the Contra accounts established by Oliver North."

SETCO was run by Juan Ramón Matta Ballesteros, above, an agent of the Mexican DFS who had worked with the legendary Mexican-based CIA Cuban Alberto Sicilia Falcón. Matta, a Honduran chemist, had helped Sicilia set up his Andean cocaine connections. Matta was hunted as a major drug kingpin by the DEA throughout the 70's. The DEA first arrested him in 1970 at Dulles Airport with 54 pounds of cocaine, but that was in his small-time early days. When Sicilia fell in 1976, Matta inherited much of his network, including a heroin franchise from Guadalajara's great opium grower and heroin manufacturer Miguel Angel Félix Gallardo and a cocaine distribution franchise from the Medellín cartel. Matta, and his Guadalajara cartel partners, ran the "Mexican trampoline" that bounced cocaine from Colombia into the U.S. They became the business partners of Gen. Policarpo Paz García, and in 1978 financed the Honduran "Cocaine Coup" that brought Paz into power. Both worked with Col. Gustavo Álvarez Martínez, head of the Public Security Forces (FUSEP), the secret police.

Both also worked with Álvarez' CIA-DIA contact, Maj. Gen. Robert Schweitzer, a director of strategy for the Army's deputy chief of staff for operations. Schweitzer had been engineering the use of Honduras as a Somocista base since early 1980, a year before Reagan took office. Since Schweitzer promised these ballsy entrepeneurs an avalanche of largesse from the U.S. military, they volunteered to help him supply the Contras. Bush/Casey made Schweitzer an advisor to the National Security Council.

A 1983 Customs Investigative Report stated that "SETCO stands for Servicios Ejecutivos Turistas Commander and is headed by Juan Ramon Matta Ballesteros, a class I DEA violator….SETCO aviation is a corporation formed by American businessmen who are dealing with Ballesteros and are smuggling narcotics into the United States."

So, armed with this intelligence, Lt. Col. Oliver North, under specific orders, proceeded to set up the bank accounts through which SETCO would be paid for services to the U.S. military. The July 9, 1984 entry in North's diary, obligingly published by Senator Kerry, states, in Ollie's own hand, "wanted aircraft to go to Bolivia to pick up paste, want aircraft to pick up 1,500 kilos." The July 12, 1985 entry reads, "$14 million to finance [arms] Supermarket came from drugs." August 9, 1985: "Honduran DC-9 which is being used for runs out of New Orleans is probably being used for drug runs into U.S." All told, Ollie referred to CIA drug dealing in more than 250 entries.

When thinking about the credibility of people like Oliver North, it's always a good rule to ponder how much human blood they have on their hands. Lotsa blood, little credibility. Killing campesinos requires a deeply ingrained moral dishonesty. It is interesting that the diagram found in North's White House safe, outlining the Contra "private aid" network, shows many of the same banks and foundations involved in the savings and loan debacle and also indicted as drug money laundries. All were close political allies of North's commanding officer, Vice-President George Bush.

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